Molecular Geometry

Molecular Geometry I – Investigation using Models (SL) (DCP Lab) Taksh Shah KIS International School Chemistry (SL) 1 Introduction For this investigation we had use molecular models and make the following structures: Symbol Name of Species Lewis Diagram Model Bond Polar or Angle (Â °) Non-Polar BeCl2 Beryllium Chloride Linear 180 Non-Polar C2H2 Acetylene Linear 180 Non- Polar BF3 Boron Tri? uoride Planar Triangle 120 Non- Polar C2H4 Ethylene Planar Triangle 120 Non-Polar Molecular Geometry I- Investigation using Models (SL) Chemistry (SL) Symbol 2 Name of Species Lewis DiagramModel Bond Polar or Angle (Â °) Non-Polar CH4 Methane Tetrahederal 109. 5 Non-Polar NH3 Ammonia Trigonal Pyramid 107 Polar H2O Water Bent / VShape 104. 5 Polar SO2 Sulfur Dioxide Bent / VShape 104. 5 Polar 120 Polar or NonPolar Planar C2H2Cl2 Dichloroethene Triangle (Carbon) Tetrahederal (Carbon) C2H6O Ethanol V-Shaped (Oxygen) Molecular Geometry I- Investigation using Models (SL) HCH Bond = 109. 5 COH = 104. 5 Polar Chemistry (SL) 3 Explanation Symbol BeCl2 C2H2 BF3 Structure It’s Linear because it has 2 Bond Paris and 0 Lone Paris It’s Linear because it has 2 Areas of negative harge around the Carbons and 0 Lone Paris It’s a Planar Triangle because it has 3 Bonding Pairs and 0 Lone Pairs Shape Polarity With the angle being 180Â ° Non-Polar because it has the Molecular Shape polar bonds and is becomes Linear symmetrical With the angle being 180Â ° Non-Polar because it has the Molecular Shape polar bonds and is becomes Linear symmetrical With the angle being 120Â ° Non-Polar because it has the Molecular Shape polar bonds and is becomes a Planar Triangle symmetrical It’s a Planar Triangle because it has 3 Areas of CH4 NH3 H2O SO2 Non-Polar because it has the Molecular Shape olar bonds and is Lone Pairs C2H4 With the angle being 120Â ° negative charge around the Carbons Pairs and 0 becomes a Planar Triangle symmetrical With the angle being 109. 5Â ° Non-Polar because it has It’s a Tetrahedral because it has 4 Bonding Paris and 0 Lone Pairs It’s a Trigonal Pyramid because it has 3 Bonding Paris and 1 Lone Pairs It’s a Bent/V-Shape because it has 2 Bonding Pairs and 2 Lone Pairs It’s a Bent/V-Shape because it has 3 Areas of positive charge around Sulphur and 1 Lone Pairs the Molecular Shape polar bonds and is becomes a Tetrahedral symmetrical With the angle being 107Â °Polar because it has polar the Molecular Shape bonds and is non- becomes a Trigonal Pyramid symmetrical With the angle being 104. 5Â ° Polar because it has polar the Molecular Shape bonds and is non- becomes a Bent/V-Shape symmetrical With the angle being 104. 5Â ° Polar because it has polar the Molecular Shape bonds and is non- becomes a Bent/V-Shape symmetrical Polar because it has polar bonds and is nonsymmetrical It’s a Planar Triangle because it has 3 areas of C2H2Cl2 negative charge around the Carbon atoms and 0 Lone Pair s With the angle being 120Â ° the Molecular Shape or becomes a Planar TriangleNon-Polar because it has non-polar bonds and is symmetrical Molecular Geometry I- Investigation using Models (SL) Chemistry (SL) Symbol 4 Structure Shape Polarity With the angle being 109. 5Â ° It’s a Tetrahedral (Carbon) because it has 4 the Molecular Shape Bonding Paris and 0 Lone Pairs becomes a Tetrahedral (Carbon) C2H6O It’s a Bent/V-Shape (Oxygen) because it has 2 Bonding Pairs and 2 Lone Pairs bonds and is nonWith the angle being 104. 5Â ° the Molecular Shape becomes a Bent/V-Shape (Oxygen) Molecular Geometry I- Investigation using Models (SL) Polar because it has polar symmetrical

Bass River

In the short story’s, â€Å"The Bass, The River, and Shelia Mant† written by W. D Wetherall and â€Å"Catch the Moon† written by Judith Ortiz Cofer, the two main characters realize who they truly are by the end of the story. In â€Å"The Bass, The River, and Shelia Mant the narrator is in love with a girl he meets at his cottage in the summer. The narrator describes her in the story as â€Å"There was a summer in my life when the only creature that seemed lovelier to me than a largemouth bass was Sheila Mant. The story â€Å"Catch the Moon† includes the main character Luis who overcomes many obstacles, leading up to meeting a perfect girl for him, Naomi. In â€Å"The Bass, The River, and Shelia Mant† and â€Å"Catch the Moon† the female characters have a direct impact upon the lives of the male protagonists. The main characters both realize who they truly are by the end of the story. The change within each of these characters reveal theme. The theme in â€Å"Catch the Moon† states that love can help us move on, and confront our problems.The theme in â€Å"The Bass, The River, and Shelia Mant† concentrates on following your heart and not letting other people change you. In â€Å"The Bass, The River, and Shelia Mant† the narrator undergoes a tough interaction with Shelia Mant. During the story Shelia says to the narrator â€Å"Look,† she said. â€Å"I can get Dad’s car. † â€Å"It’s faster this way,† I lied. â€Å"Parking’s tense up there. Hey, it’s safe. I won’t tip it or anything. † Shelia could not of broken the narrators heart any more at this point. The narrator had spent hours of the day trying to make the canoe sparkle and clean it up.The narrator was shooken up by this, but as the story continued he realized Shelia’s attitude. Shelia told the narrator straight up that she does not like fishing. Once the narrator catches th e fish he has always dreamed of cathching gets on his fishing rod! Shelia states she doesn’t like fishing and its dumb. He had realized she was so careless about him or anyone else and just cared about herself. When they get to concert she rides home with another guy leaving the narrator on their date. Human interactions bring in best or worst have to know how to react

Greed, Power and Ambition in the Tragedy of Macbeth Research Paper

Greed, Power and Ambition in the Tragedy of Macbeth - Research Paper Example Under his rule, Scotland becomes a country ‘‘where sighs and groans and shrieks that rend the air? Are made, not marked; where violent sorrow seems? A modern ecstasy’’ (Tarantelli 1483). The Tragedy of Macbeth basically articulated how greed, power and ambition can corrupt a man. Macbeth was once a loyal general who turned monstrous when he was seduced and blinded by the prophesies of the witches. The weakness in his character was not able to discern that it was indeed the job of the witches to corrupt a soul which explains why they were hunted and burned during Shakespeare’s time. Macbeth’s road to perdition begun when he entertained the idea that he can be King of Scotland when the prophesy that he will become the thane of Cawdor came true after he defeated Norway during a battle and killed the thane of Cawdor. He then believed that indeed the Witches can see the future which no man can see and the prophesy that he will be King is a very sedu ctive idea (Ghose 236). But for the prophesy to come true, that would mean eliminating the current King, Duncan who sits at the throne. Although Macbeth was adamant at first, he eventually acceded to the idea of assassinating Duncan with his ambition to be King and after Lady Macbeth persuaded or manipulated him to do so. Both of them conspired to kill Duncan. Lady Macbeth would spike the drink of Duncan’s servants with liquor and on her signal Macbeth would stalk into Duncan’s room to carry out the murder. Not contented with his initial kill, Macbeth became consumed with murder that he also killed Duncan’s servants so that there will be no witness of his crime. Greed, lust for power and inordinate ambition has now taken over Macbeth. The prophesies of the Witches or the weird sisters appealed to Macbeth’s ambition because it served him well to be King. Such that when they prophesized that he will become  thane of Glamis, thane Cawdor and then King, the ambition just proved to be irresistible for Macbeth to overcome. â€Å"All hail, Macbeth! hail to thee, thane of Glamis!, All hail, Macbeth, hail to thee, thane of Cawdor!, All hail, Macbeth, thou shalt be king hereafter! (Act I Scene III). From then on, Macbeth became consumed with the ambition of being a King that he went as far as killing anybody that stood his way. When he became King of Scotland, he was unloved by his subjects and his reign was filled with the snares of watchful tyranny that when he was slain by McDuff, he was referred to as â€Å"this dead butcher† (Tarantelli 1483). Now that Macbeth is King, the Witches grip on him is already undeniable as he take their prophesies with certainty and almost an absolute truth even if the idea was absurd, vague and again requiring murder. It also made him a fool and greedy for it gave him a false sense of security that further contributed to his downfall and demise. He was again given three prophesies that made him feel invisible as the witches foretold â€Å"be bloody, bold, and resolute; laugh to scorn. The power of man, for none of woman born shall harm Macbeth† (Act IV Scene I). He assumed that since all men are born of a woman, he believed then that no man could ever possibly harm him and he could be King forever. His greed and haughtiness as a King was aggravated when he was

On Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

On Management - Essay Example It is always easier to come up with business goals than actually establishing and executing the required strategies to achieve these objectives. Being a manager is not just being able to show profits at the end of the year but being in charge of the critical daily business processes to work for it. Good management is indispensable to the success of any organization. The failure or success of any business institution lies in the hand of its management team as they "lay the company's long term direction, develop competitively effective strategic moves and business approaches and implements what needs to be done internally to produce day in and day out strategy execution" (Strickland, 4). Put simply, the manager is the major driving force that directs the organization to its expected end. In school, we are taught that manager has four primary functions-planning which refers to identifying the goals, objectives, and the business plans to achieve them; organizing which identifies and sets the necessary resources to execute the business plan; directing which includes pointing, leading, and managing employees to achieve organizational goals; and controlling which involves the evaluation process carried out by the organization to check if the actual performance of the company matches the devised business plan (Allen 2). I believe that these functions are significant in the achievement of business goals. However, all these functions are too broad to discuss together, so this paper will only tackle the leadership function of management. Leadership is a critical and rigorous process of influencing and motivating people to achieve business goals. Though the goal of each leader is essentially the same, they craft different ways to achieve them by employing unique management and leadership styles which often leads to conflict as to whether what leadership technique is superior. Two leadership styles are often utilized in business operations-authoritarian and participative management. Authoritarian organizations follow the military type of organization where decision making is centralized and lies at the hand of the top management. Middle managers do as they are ordered, following the chain of command implemented by their superior. Authoritarian organization essentially operates a top-down management style, where the primary role of managers is to transmit orders. Also, authoritarian organizations view that workers hate work and that they need to be compelled to the task demanded from them. This implies that the achievement of the company's goals can only be achieved through force. Authoritarian managers do not motivate their employees to perform well in their job. Their main concern is the achievement of a certain goal at the expense of their employees. ("Role of Managers under Different Management Styles" 38-51) In a participative management style, works are delegated to the employees and managers largely coordinate with the group work. Also, responsibilities are accepted and performed by the employees knowing they will be held accountable for the quality of their work. Work is viewed as a source of satisfaction or frustration depending on the manager's and organization's chosen style of leadership. People who derive satisfaction from their job will then perform the best way that they can while those who obtain frustration from it will tend to perform badly. Thus, managers highly motivate their em

Neologisms in film and Televison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Neologisms in film and Televison - Essay Example It is considered normal in children but a symptom of altered thought content and indicative of a mental illness (likely in the psychotic spectrum such as schizophrenia) in adults. [2] Usage of neologisms may also be related to aphasia acquired after brain damage such as from a cerebral vascular accident or traumatic injury. In theology, a neologism is a relatively new doctrine (for example, rationalism). In this sense, a neologist is an innovator in the area of a doctrine or belief system, and is often considered heretical or subversive by the mainstream church. Every country has got different cultural profile and sometimes there are many cultures prevailing at the same time in one country. [3] Neologism is more seen in countries where the culture is constantly being changed.They are often created by combining existing words or by giving words new and unique suffixes or prefixes. Neologisms often become accepted and can become the part of the language. Other times, however, they disappear instantly. There are certain factors involved in order to become a part of a certain language. The most important factor is of public acceptace. Acceptance by linguistic experts and incorporation into dictionaries also plays a part, as does whether the phenomenon described by a neologism remains current, thus continuing to need a descriptor. This is quite unusual for a word to enter in common use if it does not resemble another word or words in an identifiable way. When a word or phrase is no longer "new," it is no longer a neologism. Neologisms may take decades to become "old," though. There are different opinions regarding how long a word can be considered under neologism? Different experts have their different opinion in regard but one thing is definate which is neologism after being a part of certain language cannot be considered as neologism any more. Acceptance of neologism in a

TheGreat Depression Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

TheGreat Depression - Term Paper Example Many banks and businesses went under as a result, and this instigated the fall in the economy potential, as there was reduced spending, low demand, low production and high unemployment accordingly.2 Even though, the great depression had its origins in America, all the European nations were greatly hit as they were heavily relying on the US for financial loans; the US had emerged as a great credit in the post world war one period. The complex financial relationship between the European economies and the US was inevitably the reason why the great depression could not be contained in the US, but later spread to the rest of the European nations. Nations were thrown into panic mode, most of them adopting restrictive measures, especially concerning foreign trade as mitigation to salvage their local industries.3 Discussions on the great discussion have yielded important information on the delicate financial market relationships, and this is a key area of concern especially in the view of co ntemporary global economic ties. This topic is relevant to global economies as it provides vital lessons that could help mitigate the risks of a future global financial slump.4 This paper will focus on various aspects of the great depression including, but limited to its causes, its effects in America, and the rest of European economies that were hugely indebted to the US at the time. In as much as the great depression was sparked by the great slouch in the New York stock market prices, there were other underlying factors that have been attributed to it. These factors are specifically weaknesses and imbalances that existed in the American financial system, but they had long been ignored due to the rapid economic growth, and the resultant speculative optimism. The onset of the great depression revealed the faulty premises of the American financial system, and its failure of America’s political and financial institutions to manage the economy. Concerning the causes of the great depression, five factors have been top on the list,  the fall in stock Market prices, failure of the banking system, a decline in the purchasing power, the American- Europe economic ties, and famine.5 Prior to fall in stock prices, banks had been lending out large sums of money to businesses and investors, even way beyond their capabilities; this gave rise to debt deflation. After the crash in prices, great losses were incurred by stock investors as the value of stocks had gone down drastically i.e. stocks lost over 90% of their value, and stockholders incurred losses amounting to over 40 billion dollars. Many banks could not recover their loans as many debtors defaulted in payments, and as a result, many people withdrew their deposits. Rapid measures of self-preservation were taken by the surviving banks and this included cutting down on loans, a desperate move that resulted to further limitations to the economy. Bank's restrictive measures  to limit lending, coupled by loss o f jobs and the resultant unemployment led to harsh times in the history of the US economy; there was low output and low demand of products and as such, many businesses suffered insolvency. About 11,000 banking institutions had collapsed by the year 1933, as they could not

Casa vicens Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Casa vicens - Assignment Example This was due to the underlying impressive beautification of the invention that was possessing captivating spaces such as smoking and dining rooms. Moreover, the explosion of pigments in regard to its decorative details was mainly influenced by Arabic and eastern art thus making Casa Vicens a strong forerunner Modernista association. Casa Vicens was originally surrounded by a convent on one side and a magnificent garden on the opposite side (Roe, 2012). The house was extended by Joan Baptisa I Serra in the year 1925 subsequent to the destruction of the initial work. The garden vanished steadily over the years due to the destruction of the underlying monumental fountain with parabolic arch that was designed by GaudI (Crippa & GaudiÃŒ , 2006). Nevertheless, Casa Vicens was restored by architect Ignacio Herreo Jover in the ranging from 2000 and 2005 by combining the underlying facedes finishing which is currently in the market. The plans for Casa Vicens-site main floor, faà §ade is dated back to the 15th January, 1883 and permit for construction was granted 8th march, 1883 (Crippa & GaudiÃŒ , 2006). The construction project provided initially was for a house and a garden. A meeting held on the 27th September presided by Mr. modesto Casals y Leonor, in the Ayuntamiento of Villa de Gracia granted permission to construct ground floor buildings, a water gallery and a corresponding wall on a piece of land situated on Calle Rincon de San Gervasio within Gracia. In the 1929 Jose Fracisco Rafols printed his first and very significant work in regard to Gaudi and the corresponding architecture subject. Architect Antonio Gaudi was in charge of the original project by Mr Manuel Vicens Y Montaner, who inherited the parcel of land from his mother (Crippa & GaudiÃŒ , 2006). Casa Vicens has been in the Jover family since the year 1899 when Dr Antonio Jover who is the grandfather of

Entrepreneurship and Social Enterprise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Entrepreneurship and Social Enterprise - Essay Example This theory pertains relates to financial investment made in the company. Therefore, this theory seeks to ensure that the investments made in are growing constantly. The Frieze scenario also brings to focus investment theories. These theories elaborate the why people invest well aware of the possible consequences. The theories also elaborate the perception of individuals towards risks. The risk bearing theory introduces risk as a vital aspect of investment. In the above scenario, the three partners risked their finances by investing in such a firm. The partner could have lost the funds invested in the entity if it failed to succeed. The theory outlines risk taking as a vital factor, which triggers investment (Carrillo 2007. P. 100). This write up will evaluate major happenings in this entity. The major happenings include launch of the magazine, introduction of art fairs and the expansion strategies available to the entity at 2008. The analysis of the major happenings will evaluate th e factors, which triggered the entity’s success at each stage. This write will culminate with a detailed examination of the entity’s possible expansion strategies and the possible implications of their adopting any of the strategies. The three individuals had a clear strategy of what they wanted to undertake. A magazine targeted art lovers in England. The founders had identified a specific field, which their magazine would target. The magazine targeted the arts lovers. Clear identification of their segment enabled the company to focus on their customers’ needs. This also enabled the team identify their competition easily. Consequently, they had to provide the clientele in the art world with more value than their rivals. The managerial team had identified the name that their magazine was to assume. This helped the magazine to maintain its values. Therefore, the magazine

PESO Online Job Posting System Essay Example for Free

PESO Online Job Posting System Essay INTRODUCTION Today, we are living in a modern age engaged in highly computerized technology where computer devices manifest everywhere aiming to enhance individual lifestyle and most especially in the world of business. Manual operations are considered out of date and are left behind because of modern technology. Using computers and modern technology is a great help to every individual most especially to business transaction. Individuals and companies today wants manual operations to be replace with an automated one in order for them to have a better and easy lifestyle and operations. But today, many companies even local government offices are using manual operations that consume a lot of time, money and effort that gives every individual and companies a hard time. As modern technology continues to improve, all processes are automated and are moved onto the web or cloud based. The online job posting system replace the manual operation of the office regarding the posting of jobs, referral and screening of applicants, recording and creation of reports and information and screening and communication with companies. Online job posting will improve the office services and provides convenience on the applicants, employers and office staff. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Public Employment Service Office or PESO is a multi-service facility that was established to provide information and assistance to DOLE clients and constituents of local government units (LGU’s). It makes available under one roof the various employment programs and services of the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) to enable all types of clientele to know more about them and to provide assistance on employment and income opportunities or other specific assistance needed. It’s services are to provide job fairs, livelihood and self-employment bazaars, Special Credit Assistance for Placed Overseas Workers, Special Program for Employment of Students and Out-of-School Youth, Work Appreciation Program, Workers Hiring for  Infrastructure Projects and Other programs/activities developed by DOLE to enhance provision of employment assistance to PESO clients HISTORY This study focuses on the ordering process in Public Employment Service Office. The Public Employment Service Office or PESO is a non-fee charging multi-employment service facility or entity established or accredited pursuant to Republic Act No. 8759 otherwise known as the PESO Act of 1999. The Republic Act No. 8759 was signed in to law on February 14, 1999. Its purpose is to carry out full employment and equality of employment opportunities. Duties: 1. Ensure the prompt, timely and efficient delivery of employment service and provision of information on the other DOLE programs. 2. Provide a venue where people could explore simultaneously various employment options and actually seek assistance they prefer. 3. Serve as referral and information center for the various services and programs of DOLE and other government agencies present in the area. 4. Provide clients with adequate information on employment and labor market situation in the area. 5. Network with other PESOs within the region on employment for job exchange purposes. Functions: 1. Encourage employers to submit to the PESO on a regular basis a list of job vacancies in their respective establishments in order to facilitate the exchange of labor market information services to job seekers and employers by providing employment services to job seeker, both for local and overseas employment, and recruitment assistance to employers. 2. Develop and  administer testing and evaluation instruments for effective job selection, training and counseling. 3. Provide persons with entrepreneurship qualities access to the various livelihood and self-employment programs offered by both government and non-governmental organizations at the provincial/city/municipal/barangay levels by undertaking referrals for such program. 4. Undertake employability enhancement trainings/seminar for jobseekers as well as those would like to change career or enhance their employability. This function is presently supervised by TESDA and conducted by other training. 5. Provide employment and occu pational counseling, career guidance, mass motivation and values development activities. 6. Conduct pre-employment counseling and orientation to prospective local and overseas workers. 7. Provide reintegration assistance services to returning Filipino migrant workers. 8. Perform such functions as willfully carry out the objectives of this Act. ORGANIZATIONAL CHART Figure 1: PESO Organization Chart RESEARCH LOCALE Figure 2: PESO Location Map PROBLEM DEFINITION Currently, the Public Employment Service Office at San Jose Del Monte Bulacan is using a manual operation in posting of jobs, referral and screening of applicants, recording and creation of reports and information and screening and communication with companies. Companies having a hard time on submitting reports about the applicants they hire because of the manual operation, thus, the PESO staff are also having a hard time creating reports.  Inconvenience, the applicants need to go to the office from time to time for them to know what jobs are available. And the companies must send a  representative to communicate and present the needed requirements before they can become a qualified employer for PESO. The problems stated above will all be solved using the proposed system which is the Online Job Posting System. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY Generally this study aims to solve issues that happened in the manual operations in Public Employment Service Office. The study is conducted to find out if minimizing the manual operations with an online job posting system could help Public Employment Service Office customers to achieve quality ordering service. Specifically, it aims to; Identify the key issues relating to the development of an online job posting system and understand the flow posting of jobs, referral and screening of applicants, recording and creation of reports and information and screening and communication with companies. Identify the problem that the staffs, employers and applicants encountered in the existing manual operations of PESO Provide a solution for the identified problem. SCOPES AND LIMITATION . The system which is job posting system will be implemented for the Public Employment Service Office. The system will be used by the staffs, employers, and applicants. The system will allow the applicants to browse jobs and be notified to new qualified jobs. It will also make the registrations of the applicants easy by not needing for them to go to the office. It will also benefit the employers, they will be no longer need to go the office just to communicate and give requirements. It will also make the creation of reports easy on the part of staffs and employers. On the other hand, the system limitations are, only citizens of San Jose Del Monte Bulacan can register online; citizens of other city are required to go to the office of PESO of CSJDM for special cases. The said system cannot be used when there is power shortage and can only be used if there is an internet connection. Notifications through SMS are limited to those who provide their contact information and to those who have a good network signal. PROJECT DESCRIPTION Figure 3: Project Sytem Logo SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY The study will help the PESO to improve and speed up their services. The developed system will greatly improve the processes and replace the manual operations with a more organized and automated processes. It will give benefit the staffs, employers and applicants. Staffs- the proposed system will help the staffs to provide a more reliable and easy to do reports and records, more effective and efficient way of job posting, easier way of screening, giving referrals, communicating with applicants and employers and will eliminate human errors.. Employers-the proposed system will help the employers to provide a more reliable and easy to do reports and records, convenient way of submitting requirements and communicating with PESO staffs. Applicants- the proposed system will help the applicants to register and search for jobs in a more convenient and easier way. It will save them effort, time and money. Proponents. The study allowed the proponents to gain knowledge and experience doing rese arch study and learn how to automate a particular process. The study gives a great aid to the proponents to have a first-hand experience in making a system which can contribute to the suitable solution of the company’s necessity. Future Researchers. The study serves as a guide for future researchers having the same field of topic and subject matter. The study is capable of being an instrument and as future point of reference for the correlated study. The material can be a helpful citation of ideas to the future researchers having the same field of research. OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS User Interface- the space where interaction between humans and machines occurs. The goal of interaction between a human and a machine at the user interface is effective operation and control of the machine and feedback  from the machine which aids the operator in making operational decisions. Admin- the admin will maintain the system it can review reject and approve the profiles of every applicant or employer and jobs recruitment request of the company. Profiling- the act or process of extrapolating information about a person based on what is already known. Analysis is the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts to gain a better understanding of it. The technique has been applied in the study of mathematics and logic since before Aristotle (384–322 B.C.), though analysis as a formal concept is a relatively recent development. Login The process of identifying oneself to a computer, usually by entering ones username and password. Logout Once a us er has logged in, they can then log out or log off when access is no longer needed. To log out is to close off ones access to a computer system after having previously logged in. Referral the process of directing or redirecting to an appropriate agency TECHNICAL DEFINITION OF TERMS Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation semantics of a document written in a markup language. Its most common application is to style web pages written in HTML and XHTML, but the language can also be applied to any kind of XML document, including plain XML, SVG and XUL. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets: retrieved October 2, 2014) Database is an organized collection of data. The data are typically organized to model relevant aspects of reality in a way that supports processes requiring this information. Database management systems (DBMSs) are specially designed applications that interact with the user, other applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze data. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database: retrieved October 2, 2014) Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) is a domain name that specifies its exact location in the tree hierarchy of the Domain Name System (DNS). It specifies all domain levels, including the top-level domain and the root zone. A  fully qualified domain name is distinguished by its lack of ambiguity: it can only be interpreted one way. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fully_qualified_domain_name: retrieved October 2, 2014) Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) -is the main markup language for creating web pages and other information that can be displayed in a web browser. HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags enclosed in angle brackets (like ), within the web page content. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper_text_markup_language: retrieved October 2, 2014) JavaScript (JS) is an interpreted computer programming language. JavaScript is a prototype-based scripting language with dynamic typing and has first-class functions. Its syntax was influenced by C. JavaScript copies many names and naming conventions from Java, but the two languages are otherwise unrelated and have very different semantics. The key design principles within JavaScript are taken from the Self and Scheme programming languages. It is a multi-paradigm language, supporting object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript: retrieved October 2, 2014) JQuery is a multi-browser JavaScript library designed to simplify the client-side scripting of HTML. JQuery is free, open source software, licensed under the MIT License. J query’s syntax is designed to make it easier to navigate a document, select DOM elements, create animations, handle events, and develop Ajax applications. jQuery also provides capabilities for developers to create plug-ins on top of the JavaScript library. This enables developers to create abstractions for low-level interaction and animation, advanced effects and high-level, theme-able widgets. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/jQuery: retrieved October 2, 2014) Microsoft Excel -is a spread sheet application developed by Microsoft for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS. It features calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language called Visual  Basic for Applications. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/jQuery: retrieved October 2, 2014) MySQL runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases, though SQLite probably has more total embedded deployments. The MySQL development project has made its source code available under the terms of the GNU General Public License, as well as under a variety of proprietary agreements. MySQL was owned and sponsored by a single for-profit firm, the Swedish company MySQL AB, now owned by Oracle Corporation. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySQL: retrieved October 2, 2014) Network Is a collection of computers and devices interconnected by communications channels that facilitate communications among users and allows users to share resources. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network: retrieved October 2, 2014) Portable Document Format (PDF) is a file format used to represent documents in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems. Each PDF file encapsulates a complete description of a fixed-layout flat document, including the text, fonts, graphics, and other information needed to display it. In 1991, Adobe Systems co-founder John Warnock outlined a system called Camelot that evolved into PDF. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network: retrieved October 2, 2014) PHP is a server-side scripting language designed for web development but also used as a general-purpose programming language. PHP code is interpreted by a web server with a PHP processor module, which generates the resulting web page: PHP commands can be embedded directly into an HTML source document rather than calling an external file to process data. Server A computer, or a software package, that provides a specific kind of service to client software running on other computers. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server: retrieved October 2, 2014) Web browser- displays a web page on a monitor or mobile device. On a network, a web browser can retrieve a web page from a remote web server. On a higher level, the web server may restrict access to only a private network such as a corporate intranet or it provide access to the World Wide Web. On a lower level, the web browser uses the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to make such requests. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browser: retrieved October 2, 2014) Webpage is a web document that is suitable for the World Wide Web and the web browser. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webpage: retrieved October 2, 2014) Web server can refer to either the hardware (the computer) or the software (the computer application) that helps to deliver web content that can be accessed through the Internet. The most common use of web servers is to host websites, but there are other uses such as gaming, data storage or running enterprise applications. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_server: retrieved October 2, 2014) World Wide Web is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. With a web browser, one can view web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and navigate between them via hyperlinks. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_wide_web: retrieved October 2, 2014) XAMPP is a free and open source cross-platform web server solution stack package, consisting mainly of the Apache HTTP Server, MySQL database, and interpreters for scripts written in the PHP and Perl programming languages. (L. Grimmer, 2006)

Economys production possibilities Essay Example for Free

Economys production possibilities Essay Problem Set 2 Complete all questions listed below. Clearly label your answers 1. What impact would a change that shifts an economys production possibilities curve outward have on the long run aggregate supply curve? How have improvements in computer technology affected production possibilities and the long run aggregate supply curve? Explain Answer: Growth of population and the labor-force participation rate Capital accumulation Improvements in technology 2. Construct the AD, SRAS, and LRAS curves for an economy experiencing: (a) full employment, (b) an economic boom, and (c) a recession. (Graphs can be hand drawn or done by computer; label all curves and axes clearly.) a=full employment; b=boom; c= recession 3. What is a budget deficit? How are budget deficits financed? Why do Keynesians believe that budget deficits will increase aggregate demand? Answer: A budget deficit occurs when the government spending exceeds government revenue in a given time period, usually one year. Budget deficits are financed by a countrys bonds. In the U.S., its financed by Treasury bills, notes and bonds. This is the governments way of printing money. Actually, it is creating more credit denominated in that countrys currency. However, it has the same effect it lowers the value of that countrys currency. As bonds flood the market, the supply outweighs the demand. The Keynesians believe that when aggregated demand exceeds productive capacity of the economy, the federal government can prevent inflationary overheating by reducing demand with a budget surplus generated by a combination of less spending and higher taxes. 4. When output and employment slowed in early 2008, the Bush Administration and the Democratic Congress passed a legislation sending households a check  for $600 for each adult (and $300 per child). These checks were financed by borrowing. Would a Keynesian favor this action? Why or why not? Answer: No, the Keynesian would not agree with this action because their opinion is generating a combination of less spending and higher taxes, not giving away money.

Mental Health Services And Policy Social Work Essays

Mental Health Services And Policy Social Work Essays Mental Health is thus the emotional and spiritual resilience, which enables us to enjoy life and to survive pain and disappointment and sadness.  It is a positive sense of well-being and an underlying belief on our own and others dignity and worth. Recent transnational and national policies on mental health adopt a broader view than the traditional psychiatric model.  Ã‚   This approach is directed at promoting good mental health, preventing mental ill health and ensuring early intervention when mental health problems occur. It involves looking beyond prevention, to the relationship between mental well-being and physical health; behavioural problems; child abuse; violence and drug and alcohol abuse.  Ã‚   In promotion and prevention policies such social determinants as living and working conditions; homelessness; poverty, social networks and support, unemployment and risk taking behaviour are included. In effect it means addressing the mental health impact of public policies, p rogrammes and plans like: Combating homelessness Preventing ghettos and marginalisation Promoting equity Providing safe water, sanitation and shelter Taking care of families with children and their needs Enhancing accessible environments There have been two big changes in mental health services in recent years. The first was the introduction of care in the community. This was meant to enable mental health service users to live in their own homes and neighbourhoods with suitable support instead of going into or staying in hospital. The second is the development of the mental health service survivors movement. This has made it possible for service users to speak for themselves, say what they want and to try and improve the way they are treated. What are the main issues facing this special population, particularly around access, quality, and cost-effective care? Considerable emphasis was given throughout need to rebalance mental health policy to give a higher priority to promotion and, where possible, prevention. Like public health policy more generally, mental health suffers from the emphasis given to acute, hospital-based care, which continues to receive most of the resources and attention. The notion of empowerment receives a great deal of lip service, but deep-seated issues of power and professional status are at stake and should not be ignored. Bringing service users and their families into hitherto closed decision-making practices and arenas can be threatening for professionals and disempowering for the users and families. The process should be transparent and designed to benefit everyone concerned. No single model of care is perfect, although some are clearly more attractive and effective than others. Different countries have different models to offer, and they should embrace diversity as an advantage. Countries should be open to and invest in innovation and change, and search for new ways to tackle familiar problems. There is a need for better information about developments in the Region and for comparative data on European countries where appropriate. Collecting them may be a task for public health observatories, for which a European movement now exists. The need for and importance of learning within and more particularly between countries in the Region was stressed. Well-placed and -equipped to undertake the task of education and to help countries transform knowledge into action. The great bulk of mental disorders are high prevalence disorders such as depression, anxiety, alcohol related disorders and somatiform disorders. These have evidence based treatments. Developments in services should not be stalled by the fact that there are still many unanswered questions. There are plenty of opportunities for true innovation in the primary care metal health arena. The general practice workforce has an important role in managing these disorders but cannot do it alone. Especially in rural areas extra resources need to be spent in provision of accessible services that are evidence based. This needs to encompass the full range of services from specialist psychiatrist services through to support groups, self help manuals and computer based programs. Further development though Divisions needs to be done in a measured way and needs to engage Divisions and their members and meet their agendas firstly. 2. What are some public policies that would support the needs of this special population? Both theoretically and methodologically, health research has recently increasingly focussed on cohesion in communities and societies, peoples integrative needs and action models that promote integration. The level of benefits such as income support is low. Because of this it is crucial for mental health service users who are eligible to secure disability benefits. Although these benefits are important to maintain peoples quality of life, they are generally difficult to get and may be difficult to keep. Mental health services are provided by health and social services through care management and the care programme approach. Underfunding and problems of coordination mean that the support service users receive is often inadequate, inappropriate and unreliable. Unlike most other social care service users, mental health service users/survivors are liable to have their rights restricted and may be subject to legally sanctioned detention, compulsory treatment and control over their lives and opportunities. The government says that care in the community has failed. Present proposals for mental health policy and practice place a special emphasis on the danger and risk from mental health service users and the importance of safeguarding public safety. Provisions for more compulsory treatment, including the extension of compulsion to people living in the community and locking up people labelled as having personality disorder that have not been convicted of any offence, are planned. Clearly, no one policy or program will be sufficient to meet all the needs of those who choose to parent, but a combination of services that fill in the gaps left by modern-day changes to traditional care giving networks can make a significant difference in the lives of individuals and families and lead to improved public health measures. Home visitation programs, if implemented correctly, can be one effective piece of this pie. Service users have so far had little or no say in the governments proposed changes. They fear that these will result in their rights being further restricted and being subjected against their will to damaging treatments. They fear that because of this, many service users will try and avoid mental health services at any cost and be denied any support. They fear that government mental health policy will increase rather than reduce social exclusion as it is meant to.

Hucks Inescapable Moral Dilemma :: essays papers

Huck's Inescapable Moral Dilemma In the novel, Huck is faced with the dilemma of whether or not to return Jim, the runaway slave, back to Jim’s owner. He, at an early age, is faced with the decision that has plagued man for ages: choosing what is morally right, even though it is forbidden in society and popular culture. He goes against the fold and goes with what his heart tells him. Huck's predicament is Twain’s â€Å"inescapable dilemma.† In an essay by Roger Rosenblatt, entitled â€Å"The Bill of Rights," Rosenblatt ends his essay with a single line: â€Å"Downriver we ride together, as ever, free to go to hell.† Rosenblatt’s final line in his essay makes an important point. It is not just Huck who is faced with decisions. Huckleberry Finn represents every person who has ever had to make a decision between what they feel is morally correct and what society perceives as right. Today Huck's dilemma with whether or not it is right to help free his eventual friend Jim can be c ompared with a doctors decision on whether or not to perform an abortion. The tough decision a doctor has to make about abortion is an example of an inescapable dilemma that plagues modern man. In abortion, the doctor is faced with a difficult decision. Should he take the life of an unborn child? What if the child was deformed, or was otherwise going to be born into a possibly unhealthy environment? Is taking away the opportunity to live life morally wrong or not? There are many more questions that face the doctor as well as the mother of the fetus. As the mother and the doctor are faced with this dilemma, sometimes what they feel is morally correct is not legal- as abortion is illegal in certain states. Huck would definitely be breaking the law if he freed Jim. Jim is just a slave to most of the people. He is just property that can be sold or used until "it" wears out. Huck sees more than just the slave qualities in Jim. Huck sees life. Similarly many people see life in an unborn fetus and have real qualms with killing a developing child. Another example of an inescapable dilemma is guns. Should it be legal for man to have the power to purchase such an item whose sole purpose is to drain life in general and human life? Huck's Inescapable Moral Dilemma :: essays papers Huck's Inescapable Moral Dilemma In the novel, Huck is faced with the dilemma of whether or not to return Jim, the runaway slave, back to Jim’s owner. He, at an early age, is faced with the decision that has plagued man for ages: choosing what is morally right, even though it is forbidden in society and popular culture. He goes against the fold and goes with what his heart tells him. Huck's predicament is Twain’s â€Å"inescapable dilemma.† In an essay by Roger Rosenblatt, entitled â€Å"The Bill of Rights," Rosenblatt ends his essay with a single line: â€Å"Downriver we ride together, as ever, free to go to hell.† Rosenblatt’s final line in his essay makes an important point. It is not just Huck who is faced with decisions. Huckleberry Finn represents every person who has ever had to make a decision between what they feel is morally correct and what society perceives as right. Today Huck's dilemma with whether or not it is right to help free his eventual friend Jim can be c ompared with a doctors decision on whether or not to perform an abortion. The tough decision a doctor has to make about abortion is an example of an inescapable dilemma that plagues modern man. In abortion, the doctor is faced with a difficult decision. Should he take the life of an unborn child? What if the child was deformed, or was otherwise going to be born into a possibly unhealthy environment? Is taking away the opportunity to live life morally wrong or not? There are many more questions that face the doctor as well as the mother of the fetus. As the mother and the doctor are faced with this dilemma, sometimes what they feel is morally correct is not legal- as abortion is illegal in certain states. Huck would definitely be breaking the law if he freed Jim. Jim is just a slave to most of the people. He is just property that can be sold or used until "it" wears out. Huck sees more than just the slave qualities in Jim. Huck sees life. Similarly many people see life in an unborn fetus and have real qualms with killing a developing child. Another example of an inescapable dilemma is guns. Should it be legal for man to have the power to purchase such an item whose sole purpose is to drain life in general and human life?

Pros and Cons of the Atkins and South Beach Diets Essay -- Exploratory

Pros and Cons of the Atkins and South Beach Diets People consider many factors when choosing a diet: what best suites their needs, how it fits with their body type, and what the diet entails, are all aspects taken into account. The Atkins and South Beach diets are plans that take different approaches in style but end up having similar results in the end. Atkins serves to eliminate carbohydrates and focus on more protein-enriched foods; this idea sells because it offers a way to lose weight fast. The South Beach diet on the other hand is a method that takes a more balanced approach; it aims to teach people about the good carbohydrates and the good fats versus the bad. Because these diets have both pros and cons, it is necessary for dieters to weigh all aspects of each program equally and choose the diet that will be most effective for their body type and lifestyle. In the Atkins plan, dieters are instructed to eliminate starchy foods such as potatoes, corn and pasta, and they are told to stay away from complex carbohydrates like fruits, grains and breads. The participants are instead encouraged to consume, within reason, meats, eggs, cheeses, oils, and other protein-rich, fatty foods (Harper, 1). From these steps comes one of the most influential points that cause dieters to choose the Atkins plan, the fact that there is a potential to lose weight fast. The reason behind such a rapid weight loss, however, is because of the core principle of the Atkins diet. It states that by limiting carbohydrates in a four-phase process the body is forced to burn its stored fat for fuel rather than carbohydrates, thus losing stored weight quickly (Harper, 1). The problem with this plan is the fact that once... ...t consisting of a healthy intake of carbohydrates, fats, sugars, proteins, and fruits and vegetables proves to be most affective. Something that the South Beach diet seemed to touch on just slightly more than the Atkins diet is the idea of exercise. It goes without saying that exercise is key to losing weight, and being able to maintain a healthy lifestyle with all of these factors in mind, is crucial. Studies and experts can only prove so much, and in the end it is up to the individual to weigh the options and figure out which diet is most suitable for them. Works Cited Agatston, Arthur. The South Beach Diet. United States of America: Rodale, 2003 Astrup A, A. Harper, T. Meinert Larsen. Atkins and other low-carbohydrate diets: hoax or an effective tool for weight loss?. 2004 Sep 4.

Project Selection and Risks

Project selection should be done in a manner that address external risk before the project commences. Consequently the personnel selecting the project should also understand the deferral risk before making the decision of deferring the project. In many projects of organizations, they neither simply avoids risk since if it is not properly managed can result to a great loss. However taking risk is a necessary condition in creation of wealth. Most projects take risks deliberately especially when it is their advantage.Risk can affect a project negatively if the selection of the project can not manage, understand, and price it. Before selecting project, there is need to recognize, accept and understand the risks involved that can lead to the project failure or have little potential of going up. When risks evaluation is poorly done, it can lead to unrecognized and high risk projects that have potential of endangering the whole enterprise. Selecting a project wisely can lead to taking advan tage of low risk and thus benefiting much from the project.Most projects usually fail because of lack of consideration of important risk factors that can ruin the project. A good model of selecting a project is supposed to be put in place so as to avoid frustrations in the project when things turn out to be worse. Every thing proposed in a project may be implemented as well as people put more efforts in the project but at the end the project fail if the selection did not take into account the risks that may be involved in it. Senior officials may make their decisions but if they do not understand the risk which may be involved, the project may not be able to do better.In order to reduce loss after selecting a project, there is need to have knowledge of the project so as to make a sound plan and also understand on the right or appropriate technology that should be used in the project. Before selecting the project you have to understand on the problems that may encounter it and also t here is a need to first discover what you do not know about the project to reduce the risk of failure. Risk can be reduced by identifying it and understanding on the specific impact that can affect the project so as to take action and address the risk.If the risk has been understood and identified, ideas should be generated to modify the plan of project to reduce the risk. Furthermore, identifying risk of the project can be useful in reducing risk for any similar project that may be conducted in future. In order to reduce risk in selecting a project the process of selecting the project should be reputable in that the project proposal needs to be clear with high level statement in the scope, objective and expected success measure.The project should have estimate of high level and magnitude needed in the implementation of the project and there should be discussion of the alternative risks and approaches in each approach. The process of selecting the project must also be cross-function al in that senior representatives must be part of it in the selection. It further has to be multidimensional by recognizing the set of the viable project. The selection process also must also recognize that there is no single or obvious metrics based on better results in picking any one project to operate and this can prevent the optimistic approach.

Classical Approach Essay

These clinics provide a range of primary health care services with eye care often being a neglected component. The personnel at this level of the health care system are expected to be multi-skilled with eye care skills being one of their range of skills. The eye care personnel are usually primary health care nurses who have completed a course in eye care. Vision screening and treatment of basic acute eye conditions such as  conjunctivitis, is the main role of eye care personnel at this level. In addition they should be able to engage in health promotion activities by developing eye health education tools and communicating these messages to the community the clinic serves. District health clinic Primarily responsible for primary health care services and serves or receives referral from a number of primary health care clinics. These clinics are generally staffed by primary health care nurses with medical doctors on a permanent or part time basis depending on the number of people in the catchment area or remoteness of the clinics. Furthermore ophthalmic nurses (ON), ophthalmic clinical officers (OCO) and/or ophthalmic medical assistants (OMA) are deployed in some countries to these clinics. THE DISTRICT HEALTH SYSTEM (CONT.) District Hospital Secondary level of care is provided in these hospitals. These hospitals serve a number of health districts, which refer patients to them. Ocular disease diagnosis and management, refraction and low vision are usually provided at this level. The district hospitals can be staffed by ophthalmologists, optometrists, ON, OCO, OMA. REGIONAL HOSPITAL Secondary and tertiary level of eye care is provided at these hospitals, which are often the referral site for a group of district hospitals Eyecare staff may include ON, OCO, OMA, optometrists and ophthalmologists PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL Tertiary and quaternary care is provided at this level. Serves a few regional hospitals which refer cases that cannot be managed at a regional level Eyecare staff may include ophthalmologists, optometrists and ON DEFINING THE ROLE OF DIFFERENT CADRES It is critical that there be a clear definition of roles within the health district. Duplication should be avoided and a clearly defined referral system should be developed as in a climate of limited resources and overworked staff, duplication is illogical and wasteful. There are various participants of the eye care teams. The following are the possible roles that the different personnel play within health districts. These roles can vary across districts and are often not consistent, in the sense that their job descriptions could change periodically depending on resources and challenges at the district level: COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKERS The key roles for community health workers are usually screening, case finding, health promotion and health education. Key tasks for eye care include case finding and/or screening for ocular disease and refractive errors. While the primary health care nurse is well trained and ideal for ocular health and vision, case finding and/or screening, outreach from clinics is usually very difficult due to the plethora of tasks and patient numbers at this level. The community health workers therefore constitute an ideal cadre for community based eye care activity. They can be particularly useful in health promotion activity. This is necessary in rural areas in particular due to the high usage of alternative approaches to managing eye diseases e.g. urine being used as a treatment for conjunctivitis resulting in patients presenting at clinics with gonococcal conjunctivitis (Naidoo K  2006, pers. comm). PRIMARY HEALTH CARE NURSE (PHCN) The Primary Health Care Nurse is based at the primary health care clinic. The primary health care nurse is primarily responsible for case finding and for the basic therapeutic management of a broad range of diseases. Eye care is but one of the many tasks that they engage in. In terms of eye care they usually screen for eye diseases and visual loss and refer to the nearest clinic. However, they could also be responsible for the prescribing of presbyopic glasses after having ruled out the presence of any potentially blinding disease.Given the lack of knowledge about eye care their tasks can also include liaising with local community structures to promote eye care activities and uptake of the clinical services. The PHCN should address community groups and schools regarding the promotive and preventive approaches to eye care. An example is the alarming number of diabetic and hypertensive patients who are never informed about the impact of these systemic diseases on their eyes, usually du e to the hectic schedule of clinicians who diagnose these patients. This leads to diabetic and hypertensive patients only seeking eye care services when visual loss has occurred. Such patients can benefit tremendously from preventive and promotive efforts. DEFINING THE ROLE OF DIFFERENT CADRES(CONT.) OPHTHALMIC NURSE (ON) / OPHTHALMIC MEDICAL ASSISTANT (OMA) / OPHTHALMIC CLINICAL OFFICER (OCO) ONs / OMAs / OCOs are mainly allocated to the district hospital but can also be deployed at the district clinic. In many health districts the ophthalmic nurses are the foundation of the eye care system as optometrists and ophthalmologists are unavailable. The ophthalmic nurses manage all ocular disease as well as conduct refractions in instances where they have been  provided with the additional training. OPTOMETRISTS Optometrists at the district hospital level are a very valuable resource in providing ocular disease management and refractive services. However the current limited number of posts as well as the unavailability of optometrists for the public sector often prevents these appointments from occurring. Given the current remuneration scales for optometry and the lack of posts in many countries insufficient number of optometrists are mobilised to take on positions at district hospitals. The role of the optometrist at a district hospital level in such circumstances should therefore be one of a visiting clinician to provide support for the ophthalmic nurse in the form of training and mentoring and managing complex cases. The optometrist’s primary location in such circumstances will be at the regional hospital level handling referrals from different district hospitals. At this level the optometrist should provide refraction services, low vision services and ocular disease diagnosis and co-management/management. OPHTHALMOLOGIST Ophthalmologists provide treatment and management of ocular disease, and surgical care. The lack of ophthalmologists as well as the attractiveness of the private sector makes it difficult to deploy ophthalmologists to district hospitals. They are therefore usually located at regional hospitals or large district hospitals. In order to significantly impact on the cataract surgical rates in the developing world it is necessary to increase the role of the ophthalmic nurses and optometrists in disease management and co-management of post surgical patients. DISTRICT HEALTH MANAGER The district manager is an integral component of the human resource team of the district. A supportive manager can enable enormous developments in terms of eye care, as the allocation of resources in the public sector is usually centrally controlled. The decentralisation of tasks to the district managers from the provincial government level creates an opportunity for greater  success with district level planning. THE TEAM APPROACH The public health system is often under-utilized due to the lack of a team effort in the delivery of health care services. The different personnel work independently and are often engaging in a duplication of tasks. Territorial approaches by professionals are quite common with a â€Å"my role† mentality predominating rather than an â€Å"us† mentality (Croasdale A 2006, pers. comm).In order to effectively generate cooperation team training in the form of clinical and planning workshops are important. Further there is also a lack of integration between the eye care personnel and other departments. This hinders the effective management of patients e.g. diabetic patients should be co-managed between the physician and the eye care personnel. DEFINING THE ROLE OF DIFFERENT CADRES (CONT.) CIVIL SOCIETY INTERVENTIONS The LV Prasad Eye Institute (LVPEI) in India has developed an innovative model for the delivery of eye care in the developing world (Fig. 2-1), which has been implemented very successfully (Rao, 2005). In this pyramid model, basic eye care screening is done by â€Å"Vision Guardians† at the village level, at a ratio of 1:5,000.â€Å"Vision Technicians† in Vision Centres at the community level provide primary eye care (1:50,000), while advanced tertiary care takes place at the Centre of Excellence level (1:50 million).Tasks are thus divided amongst the available workforce, so that the relatively few individuals capable of high-end tasks are freed to deliver those. Local communities should always be involved in the establishment of eye care services, and educated about eye care – since available facilities are not always accessed spontaneously.The WHO recommends that the minimum target for mid-level eye care personnel be 1:50,000 populations.

An Approach Model for Employees’ Improving Quality of Work

Iranian J Publ Iranian J Publ Health, Vol. 36, No. 4, 2007, pp. 81-86 Health, Vol. 36, No. 4, 2007, pp. 81-86 Original Article An Approach Model for Employees' Improving Quality of Work Life (IQWL) *H Dargahi 1, J Nasle Seragi 2 1 Dept. of Health Care Management, School of Allied Health Medicine, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, Iran 2 Dept. of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, Iran Abstract ch Keywords: Quality of life, Model, Employees, Iran ive Background: Organizational features can affect how employers view on their QWL is an important consideration for employees interested in improving employees' job satisfaction. The research reported here aimed to provide the processes used to investigate and implement a pathway for TUMS Employees Improving of Quality of Work Life as an approach model. Methods: A Quality of Work Life Strategic Planning Committee was formed to focus on enhancing TUMS employees' quality of work life. In the next step 30 QWL teams consisting of managers and employees were conducted in each of 15 as all of TUMS Hospitals. Committee members identified similar key themes of dissatisfaction. Based on the key themes identified, a survey was developed by QWL Strategic Planning by the questionnaires which distributed to 942 employees and 755 of them were returned. The collected data were saved by SPSS software and analyzed by statistical method. Results: The results from the survey showed that the perceived strongest areas among 12 categories developed by QWL Strategic Planning Committee that employees agreed to improve on their QWL were communication, leadership monetary an non- monetary compensation and support. This committee evaluated the outcomes of QWL managers and employees teams to improve the employees, quality of work life at 15 TUMS Hospitals. Conclusion: The QWL Strategic Planning Committee recommend a new approach model to suggest the ways which impressive on the employees' improving QWL. Introduction There is not a common accepted definition for quality of work life. In health care organizations, such as hospitals, quality of work life (QWL) has been described as referring to the strengths and weakness in total work environment (1). Organizational features can affect how employees view on their quality of work life. It is an important consideration for employees' to be interested in improving their job satisfaction (2). Organizational features such as policies and procedures, leadership style, operations, and general contextual factors have a profound effect on how employees view the quality of their work life. QWL is an umbrella term which includes many concepts. Because the perceptions held by Ar of SI employees play an important role in their decision to enter, stay with or leave an organization, it is important that employees' perceptions be included when assessing QWL (3). Achievement of the improving quality of work life (IQWL) promotes the better use of existing workforce skills and increased employees involvement. Most importantly, it encourages and supports the enhancement of the internal skills base to create a more professional, motivated and efficient working environment. There are several frameworks used by organizations to improve their performance through the development of their employees. The standard framework supports continuous improvement by encouraging managers to evaluate the internal 81 *Corresponding author: Tel: +98 21 88965608, Fax: +98 21 88951775, E-mail: [email  protected] ums. ac. ir D (Received 19 Jan 2007; accepted 6 Aug 2007) www. SID. ir H Dargahi, J Nasle Seragi: An Approach Model for†¦ Materials and Methods To assist in achieving defined objectives and recognition of quality work life issues and indicators, the Quality of Work Life Strategic Planning Committee was formed in Tehran university of Medical Sciences. T he members of this committee were two hospital medical managers, two hospital administrators and one occupational health expert teamed to gather to determine strategic planning and priority to focus on enhancing the quality of work life of TUMS Employees. In the first meeting, this committee ensured a continued commitment to improve and focus on the QWL of TUMS Hospitals' Employees as an approach model and recommended that 30 QWL teams consisting of mangers and employees were conducted in all fifteen of TUMS hospitals. Manager’s teams were formed with TUMS Hospitals Nursing Administrators and Head of Clinical and Supportive departments. Employee’s teams were formed with representatives of TUMS Nursing, Supportive and Paramedical employees. QWL committee members spent additional time to gather the information about the employees' improving QWL at each hospital. Following sev- ive ch 82 Ar of SI Results functions which shape their organizations, effectiveness. Such functions include performance management mechanisms, employee’s career development, and employees’ involvement. A tried a tested framework allows health care organizations such as hospitals to address key issues that are of concern for hospitals (4). Therefore, a high QWL is essential for health care organizations to continue to attract and retain employees (5). QWL is a comprehensive program designated to improve employees' satisfaction (6). Several studies found a strong relationship between job satisfaction and QWL for health care organizations' employees (7). The research reported aimed to provide the processes used to investigate and implement a pathway for TUMS Hospitals' Employees as an approach model to improve QWL for them. eral meetings, 30 QWL teams identified similar key common themes of dissatisfaction. These data are showed in Fig. 1. QWL teams declared these data to QWL Strategic Planning Committee. At first, based on the identified key themes a total of 12 areas were developed by the QWL Strategic Planning Committee (Fig. 2). In the next step, a cross- sectional, descriptive and analytical survey with 942 employees as 20% of total employees at 15 TUMS hospitals were asked to rate of their agreement or disagreement in relation to a series of statements using Lickert Type Scale were developed by QWL Committee as shown in Fig. 2. However, the questionnaires were distributed to 15 TUMS Hospitals’ Employees and 755 of them were returned, the response rate achieved to 90%. A number of employees were chosen to offer written comments. Many of the comments mirrored those that were made in the QWL Teams and Strategic Planning Committee. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software. The results were broken into four sections of employees just managers, nurses, supportive (non- clinical) and paramedical employees. – 2/3 of the employees believed that they were unsatisfied because they could not participate in decision-making. – Only 20% of the respond ants indicated that they were satisfied and very satisfied with their job motivation. – 54. % of the respondents believed that their managers and supervisors did not observe fundamentals of human relations in their hospitals. – 2/3 of the respondents had not trust to their senior management. – The vast majority (96. 9%) of the respondents indicated that they are paid not enough. – The vast majority (98. 4%) of the respondents indicated that they were unsatisfied wi th their job welfare. D www. SID. ir Iranian J Publ Health, Vol. 36, No. 4, 2007, pp. 81-86 – The vast majority (92. 3%) of the employees believed that they were unsatisfied with cash payment to them. All of the employees expressed that they were unsatisfied with non cash payment to them. 72. 3% of the employees believed that they were unsatisfied with support from their supervisors. According to the results, there were no observable differences among the four groups in their rating of respect. †¢ Human resource issues relating to workload and staffing †¢ Management practices †¢ Leadership issues †¢ Inadequate rewards and income †¢ Loss of respect , trust and income among people †¢ More involvement in decision making Identified need from assistance for employees to deal with burnout and change †¢ Care taking function is not supported by TUMS Hospitals as a whole Fig. 1: Dissatisfaction Themes form employees and managers QWL teams. 1. 2. 3. 4 . 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Organization commitment Trust Ar Fig. 2: Set of 12 dissatisfaction measures developed by QWL Strategic Planning Committee ch Support 11. Respect Monetary Compensation Non monetary Compensation Leadership Attendance management Communication between managers and employees Communication between managers and managers 0. Overall Communication 12. Recognition ive of SI 83 D www. SID. ir †¢ Poor communication between employees and management H Dargahi, J Nasle Seragi: An Approach Model for†¦ Fig. 3: New Structural Approach Model to improve QWL at TUMS Hospitals, 2005 Discussion The results showed that the perceived strongest areas among 12 categories developed by QWL Strategic Planning Committee that employees agreed to improve on their QWL, were communication, leadership, monitory and non monitory compensation , and support. High scores for poor communication were noted between managers/supervisors with employees need improvement. Though, the developments of a à ¢â‚¬Å"communication strategy† suggest establishing clear communication focusing on linkages between managers and employees. The most important predictable QWL belief the organization carries out is mission statement, good communication, good organization support for training and development, good decision latitude and being satisfied with the organizations recognition of employees' contribution (8). Areas outlined for leadership improvement include visibility of senior leaders, increased awareness of employees' needs and perspectives including increasing of opportunities for participitation in decision making. Canadian Nurses Association Position Statement identified the following elements for which stakeholders in health care field have a responsibility: †¢ Staffing decisions based on existence with direct input from professional nurses. †¢ Opportunities for nurses at all levels to participate in decision making. 84 Ar h ive of SI †¢ Support for nurses to use e vidence- based decision making (9). – A formal, organization- wide system of monetary and non monetary compensation and rewarding employees for their accomplishments would be highly beneficial. Increased workload and fiscal restraint occurred in recent years, left employees feeling pressure in their jobs. It seems that the support structure at 15 TUMS Hospitals should be reviewed for improvement and available to employees, including review of workload and support from supervisors. Wood ward† studied about supervisor social support scale included supervisor helpfulness. Concern the welfare of employees and ability to facilitate effective interaction among employees in a large teaching hospital at Ontario (10). The information that gathered and analyzed by QWL managers’ teams and QWL employees teams in each TUMS Hospitals represented to QWL Strategic Planning Committee. QWL Strategic Planning Committee evaluated the results from this survey and developed new approa ch model to improve the employees, QWL at 15 TUMS Hospitals (Fig 3). The Chancellor's Coordinating Committee on QWL was formed late 2002 to provide a point of coordination and support to advance the QWL for University of California's Employees. The committee focused on three areas- communications, training and rewards. Recognition all of which D www. SID. ir Iranian J Publ Health, Vol. 36, No. 4, 2007, pp. 81-86 were identified as priorities by the chancellors based on results of employees survey (11). One of the initial goal of the QWL Strategic Planning Committee was the collaborative effort to define what an organization looks like with a high QWL. The committee created the following philosophy, which continuous to be celebrated to day: An organization with a high QWL is an organization that promotes and maintains a work environment that results in excellence in everything it does-by ensuring open communication, respect, recognition, truss, support, well being and satisfaction of its members, both personality and professionalism. The results of a survey were conducted in Canada at 2001 showed that QWL is a multidimensional construct and a global evaluation of one's workplace and context. The implications of these finding are currently being deliberated as they relate to improving QWL with each health care organization (12). The QWL Strategic Planning Committee recommend 15 TUMS hospitals as new approach model to suggest the ways which impressive on the employees improving QWL as below : – Communication: It investigates the ways not only to enhance employees skills on the quality assurance system, but to keep the system updated and organized, ensuring edified and easily available. Reward and recognition: It will significantly improve one initiative includes the development of a â€Å"star performer† program to allow all employees to recognize each other. Any employee that receives a star performer note is visited by TUMS Hospital Senior Management and presented with a â€Å"QWL Star â€Å"to recognize how important each of them is to the organization. – Attendance Management: It suggests turning the pre-existing attendance management policy from one that appears to punish employees for absenteeism, to one that rewarded employees for working to reduce their absenteeism. This may be achieved by developing a reward system for employees who worked for a three- month period without taking on unscheduled day off. Each ch ive quarter, a draw is held for prizes. To create further incentives, approval is received to create a grand prize for employees not to take day off and do additional work. There will be very positive feedback from employees and resulting in a reduction in absenteeism. – Leadership: It investigates leadership and literature attempting firstly to gain a better understanding of leadership techniques to find how practices at each TUMS Hospitals. The outcome to date is the development of a leadership education program to educate our management on the concept of leadership. – Support and Decision Making: It investigates employees participitation in decision making is a good opportunities to be satisfied with their job. QWL in Health Care Services organizations accreditation is a major step forward. Many concurrent initiatives across Canada address employees QWL needs and concerns from different angles. There is also significant progress in this direction in the United Status where the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organization (JCAHO) has committed to improve the quality of health care work place (13). We look forward to perform our Approach Model outcomes to improve QWL of TUMS Hospitals Employees in future. Ar of SI References Acknowledgements We would like to thank Medical Sciences/Tehran University Hospitals senior managers and employees because this survey would not have been possible without their assistance. This research has been supported by Medical Sciences/Tehran University. The authors declare that they have no Conflict of Interests. 1. Knox S, Irving JA (1997). Interactive quality of work life model applied to organization. Jona, 271:39-47. 2. Kruger P (2002). Organization predictors of job satisfaction findings from Canadian mul85 D www. SID. ir H Dargahi, J Nasle Seragi: An Approach Model for†¦ 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 86 Ar ch ive tisided quality of work life cross-sectional survey. BMC Health Services Research, 2(6):1-12. Yoder L (1995). Staff nurses career development relationships and self- reports of professionalism, job satisfaction, and intent to stay. Nurse Res, 44(5):290-97. Anonymous (2005). Improve the performance of your organization. A guide to investors in people and improving quality of work life (IQWL) practice plus for the NHS. Available from: www. Investor inpeople. Co. Uk/health Sendrich K (2003). Putting the emphasis on employees as an award. Winning employer. Baptist Health Care has distant memories of the workplace shortage. Trustee January, P (G-10). Anonymous (2005). Frequently asked question. Available from: http://www. Hhs. Gov/ohr/faqs/index. Html Blegen M (1999). Nurses job satisfaction. A Meta- analysis of related variable. Nurse Res, 42:36-41. 8. Joseph J, Deshpande SP (1997). The impact of ethical climate on job satisfaction of nurses. Health Care Manage Rev, 22(1):76-81. 9. Graham SL (2001). Quality Professional Practice Environment for registered nurses. Canadian Nurses Association. Position Statement, Ottawa. 10. Woodward C (1999). The impact of re- engineering and other cost reduction strategies on the staff of a large teaching hospital: A longitudinal study. Med Care, 37(6): 556-69. 11. Anonymous (2005). Chancellor forms committee to address work life issues. University of California, San Francisco. Available from: www. Pub. UCSF. Edu 12. Lohfeld L (2000). Personal Communication. ST. Joseph's Health system Quality of Work Life Technical Reports. 13. Eisenberg JM (2001). â€Å"Does a Healthy Health care workplace produce higher quality careâ€Å"? The joint commission journal on quality improvement. 27(a):444-57. of SI D www. SID. ir

Aligning IT Components To Achieve Agility In Globally Distributed

In GDSD project there three interdependent components of agility that include; the agile IT strategy which is used to suit changing needs, the agile IT infrastructure that enables the formulation and performance of flexible It strategies, and agile IT project management that is concerned with enabling coordination and control in the system development project.According to the author, the work of IT strategy to explore and exploit new technologies can result to agile IT infrastructure that facilitates the firms to realize business strategies in new different ways.Alternatively, agility in organizational IT infrastructure is important to the formulation of IT enabled corporate or local business strategies. This article shows that IT infrastructure is vital because it contributes to the agility of project management by enabling fast and flexible integration of multiple system components.In my view, it is important to for a firm to have good relationship with external partners because th ey provide awareness and opportunities that enables a firm to explore new technologies, which then leads to deployment of appropriate of IT infrastructure to suit local needs.In conclusion, this article states that global business environment provides firms with business opportunities where by as they are developing global business strategies, they should also support them with information systems aligned with these strategies.This brings need to the firma having good relationship with the external partners so that they can be able to explore the new technologies that lead to local targeted needs.ReferencesLee O., Lim, K., Banerjee P., Hillegersberg, J., Kumar K. & Wei K.   (2006). Aligning IT   Components to Achieve Agility in Globally Distributed System Development.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hong Kong: City University of Hong Kong.   

Achievements Towards Wawasan 2020 So Far Economics Essay

Achievements Towards Wawasan 2020 So Far Economics Essay The implementation of such a great idea was and is still thought to be impossible by many Malaysians. The skepticism of many was understandable, but, as the saying goes, â€Å"Rome was not built in one day†. The initial efforts needed to bring the Wawasan 2020 vision to life had already been started since the early nineties. Many if the challenges set by Tun  Dr.  Mahathir have seen light in various forms, starting with some of the main challenges, being â€Å"Establishing a united Malaysian nation made up of one Bangsa Malaysia† and â€Å"Establishing a matured liberal and tolerant society† One Malaysia (1Malaysia) This particular goal is being implemented through the 1Malaysia programme, which is mostly being used as a catalyst for the Wawasan 2020 idea. The 1Malaysia programme was designed by Malaysian Prime Minister  Najib Tun Razak  on 16 September 2010, calling for the cabinet, governmental agencies, and civil servants to more strongly emphasize on ethnic harmony, national unity, and efficient governance. An official logo and slogan has been introduced along with the commencement of 1Malaysia concept. The logo is the symbol of ‘1’ which includes the national  flag and the word Malaysia. The Malaysian government has spent RM 38 million to promote the 1Malaysia concept in 2010 (Joseph Sipalan, April 2011). http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4b/1Malaysia.svg/100px-1Malaysia.svg.png The 1Malaysia Logo Moreover, the slogans for the 1Malaysia concept have been changing each year. The slogan for the beginning of the promotion campaign for the program, in 2009, was: † Rakyat Didahulukan, Pencapaian Diutamakan  (People First, Performance Now)† In 2010, it had been changed to: â€Å"Menjana Transformasi  (Generating Transformation)† In 2011, the slogan was: â€Å"Transformasi Berjaya, Rakyat Sejahtera  (Transformation Successful, People Prosperous)† For 2012, the slogan is: à ¢â‚¬Å"Janji Ditepati  (Promises Fulfilled)† Many of the other challenges stated by Dr.  Mahathir in his Wawasan 2020 concept have been implemented through the 1Malaysia initiative. For example, the 1Clinic programme was implemented under the 1Malaysia initiative and goes in line with one of the challenges set by Dr. Mahathir, being, â€Å"Establishing a fully caring society†. 1Malaysia Clinics have been launched in several areas across Malaysia and provide basic medical services for illnesses and injuries such as fever, cough, colds, wounds and cuts, diabetes, and hypertension. Malaysia citizens are charged RM1 for treatment and medication. Non-citizens are charged RM15. There currently are 119 1Malaysia Clinics in Malaysia so far, and the Malaysian Ministry of Health is planning to increase this number to 175 by the end of 2012. (Minister Datuk Seri Liow Tiong Lai, The Star, September 2012) Malaysian Economics One of the important points in the Wawasan 2020 project is the 7% per annum growth over the 30-year period. If the targeted growth is reached within the planned timeframe, the Malaysian GDP or gross domestic product would increase from RM115 billion in 1990 to RM920 billion by 2020 (â€Å"The Way Forward†, Prime Minister’s Office, November 2008), in increase nearly by eight. Alongside, the population is estimated to have a slow increase to around 32 Million at an average of 1.9 percent per annum during the period. This wished-for increase in output and the slower expected growth of the population will result in the per capita income steadily rising from RM 6,180 to RM 26,100 by 2020- ranking Malaysia among one of the high income nations.

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Chinatown - Article Example Apart from having a cultural identity, the China town area seems to have a religious touch too. The presence of five churches and a Synagogue towards the outer districts of the area point towards the fact that the area holds religious significance for the residents of the city, and witnessing weekly congregation must be a norm of the area. In this sense, the present anatomy of the area seems quite favorable, since the center of China town remains isolated from the influence of such gatherings. Interesting to note is the location of these places of worship, as they provide a means of uninterrupted access to those who have no interest in the nearby main China town, which lacks a prominent religious identity. Regarding the future, it can be said that any possible increase in the number of visitors of the religious shrines is less likely to interfere with the activities of Central China town and therefore the town will continue to possess its central position in the area. A large number of buildings of monetary institutions indicate that the area is quite important for business activities. The location of these buildings is such that they are close to central China town. Most of these buildings are located in the districts that are located close to the nodes, which are in fact intersections of the various paths. This is perhaps a strategic move of such institutions, since such locations provide enhanced exposure which ultimately translates into improved business and therefore improved monetary benefits. In addition to the central location of monetary institutions, the central China town is also well-laden with places that provide opportunities for public gatherings. These districts allow businesses like restaurants, bakeries, Cafà © etc. to flourish. In other words, these businesses compliment the monetary businesses that prevail in the area. The presence of multiple nodes in the area possibly ensures free movement of

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ORGANISATION AND BEHAVIOURS - Essay Example There are different types of organisational structure, however the three main types are: (1) Functional / Market; (2) Product and Market; and (3) Matrix. The functional/market type of organisational structure is basically categorised under the traditional style of management (Droege 2011). Per definition, it is a kind of structure wherein people are arranged according to the role they perform in the organisation (Brooks 2003). This type of structure is highly hierarchical and bureaucratic because distinctly classifying and separating the job from one to another creates a kind of structure that can be described as top-down authority management. In a functional organisational structure, people are arranged in departments which operate based on certain rules, policies, and standard operating process. Order and discipline are highly valued in this kind of organisation which normally results to a reporting system that usually follows a strictly entwined chain-of-command. However, the grow ing competition that exists in the business arena compels most organisations to expand and adjust to the changing needs of the business. With this circumstance, the purpose of the functional/market structure does not do companies any more justice as this kind of structure usually works well in small scale organisations. Hence, another organisational structure comes into operation and this is the product and market structure. Unlike the functional structure, product and market structure is more diversified and enhanced in terms of providing a quality and speedy decision-making (Droege 2011). Decision-making becomes more efficient and prompt in this organisational structure because the people who work within a certain product, customer, or geographic location are grouped together based on their capabilities, knowledge, and expertise. Compared to the functional structure, the product and market structure does not follow a strict top-down system of reporting, thus lessens pressure and i ncreases work performance. However, one major problem with product and market organisational structure, which is minimised in the functional structure, is that the interest of a particular group can be put ahead of the goals of the entire organisation. Another problem here, which is also not an issue with functional structure, is the fact that creating different groups for different products, costumers, or locations can possibly lead to unnecessary expenses due to duplication of resources. The matrix organisational structure, on the other hand, is perceived to be the most effective kind of management system, specifically for large organisations (Droege 2011). It is basically the combination of the functional and product, or more structures. The matrix structure considers what the organisation requires in order to get the best of both worlds. Unlike the first two structures, the matrix is considered to be the most intricate organisational structure but most effective if properly pull ed off. Not like the product and market structure wherein duplication of resources is an issue, a matrix structure can facilitate sharing of highly specialised employees and equipment. For instance, an employee who is an expert in a particular field can divide his/her time between one project and another. Also, because of this